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MENLO PARK, CA u2014 On a rainy evening last January, a group of girls in long, pleated skirts and boys in jackets and ties were sitting around a mahogany table in an old house discussing Homeru2019s The Iliad.

It was parentsu2019 night at

The Chesterton school system is part of a boom in classical education that stems from a long-festering frustration with American schools. After opening its first campus in a Minneapolis suburb in 2008, it expanded to roughly 20 campuses by early 2020, and has since morphed into 61 campuses in 24 states.

Today, more than a million students in the United States, ages five to 18, are receiving a classical education in public or private schools, or at home, Dan Scoggin, co-founder of Great Hearts Academy, a network of public charter schools in the classical education tradition, estimated. Thatu2019s nearly two percent of all 55 million students across the country. Meanwhile, a February 2024 report conducted by Arcadia Education, a consulting group, estimates a 4.8 percent yearly growth rate for the number of classical schools in the U.S.

The schools riding the classical ed wave include:

  • South Bronx Classical Charter Schools, a charter school network that has expanded to four locations since its founding in 2006, where students are required to study Latin and visit New Yorku2019s Metropolitan Museum. Currently, the network has a waiting list of 7,000 students. 

  • Emet Classical Academy, a Jewish school in New York that teaches Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and philosophy. Launching this fall with inaugural fifth, sixth, and ninth grade classes, Emet plans to enroll up to forty students in its first year. 

  • Hu00F3zhu00F3 Academy, a New Mexico charter school, opened in 2018 and requires fifth graders to study Don Quixote and Shakespeare. Now expanding from Ku20138 to include an upper school soon, Hu00F3zhu00F3 had 616 total students in the 2022u20132023 school year, and currently enrolls 680 students, with a waiting list of 166 students.

  • Hillsdale Academy, in Hillsdale, Michigan, a Christian school affiliated with the liberal-arts college of the same name. It started as a lower school in 1990 and expanded to an upper school in 1998. Hillsdale has added nearly one hundred students in the past four years, with a total of 308.

  • Kenai Classical School, a Christian school on Alaskau2019s Kenai Peninsula, which is in its fifth year of operations. The school started with nine students and has grown to 42 for the current school year.

  • Nashville Classical Charter School, in Nashville, Tennessee, a Ku20138 school where students score far above their peers, opened in 2013 and has grown steadily ever sinceu2014with nearly 300 students in 2017u20132018, and 550 today.

  • Washington Latin Public Charter School, founded in 2006 in the nationu2019s capital, now serves more than 1,000 students across two campuses and plans to open a second upper-school campus by 2028. It added 118 students in the last year.

  • Then thereu2019s Great Hearts Academies, which was founded in 2003 in Phoenix and has spread across Arizona, Louisiana, and Texas. It is now the u201Clargest brick-and-mortar provider of classical education in this country,u201D Dan Scoggins said. In the past five years, the network of schools has grown from 17,000 to 27,000 studentsu2014a 47 percent yearly growth rate. Great Hearts operates nearly 40 schools across three states.

Meanwhile, the once-puny Association of Classical and Christian Schoolsu2014a group that has been working to revive the classical Christian-education movement since the early ninetiesu2014included 40,000 students in the 2015u20132016 school year, and 57,000 students in 2021u20132022.

The goal of classical education, Scoggins stressed, is not getting graduates into the best universities or making sure they land top-paying jobs (although itu2019s pretty good at that). In 2022, Great Heartsu2019 studentsu2019 average SAT score was 1,189u2014129 points above the national average.

u201CWe want to produce morally flourishing and happy individuals that will be great fathers, husbands, wives, and great friends,u201D he explained.

Kira Krieger Senders, who plans to send her 10-year-old son to Emet Classical Academy, said: u201CIu2019d love for my son and daughter to be very successful. Iu2019d love for them to be captains of industries and leaders of the future. But my first step is making them mensches.u201D

Which means thinking clearly and critically, reasoning, and not being held captive by other peopleu2019s ideas, Billion said. This lesson is hammered home in each and every lesson throughout the school day.

Case in point: a Chesterton freshman named Giovanni proved two Euclidean proofs on the chalkboard. u201CI am going to prove that, given a finite straight line, I can construct an equilateral triangle upon it,u201D Giovanni said. Then he wrote the proof on the board in lovely, legible handwriting while speaking clearly and confidently to the roomful of adults. 

When I asked Billion about Giovanniu2019s presentation, he said it was wrong to think of math as distinct from any other subject students study. The point was always the same: to think better.

u201CTo learn how to reason, especially about complicated things, you have to learn how to reason about things that are very simple and very clear, like lines and angles and circles,u201D he said. And, to do that, students are expected to communicate their ideas in proper handwriting rather than via text or computer type.

Lily Ahern, the Chesterton student, added that the classical school rule that everything should be written in longhand can sometimes be u201Ca little bit strict. Like, youu2019re supposed to write all of your papers by hand, unless theyu2019re super long.u201D

But forcing kids to go back to basics without taking any technological shortcuts is precisely the point, said Kira Krieger Senders.

During the Covid lockdowns of early 2020u2014when tens of millions of kids were forced to go to school onlineu2014Krieger Senders said her daughter, who has learning disabilities, suffered in the digital classroom.

u201CShe couldnu2019t write a letter properly. She couldnu2019t pay attention. Online studying was the worst thing that ever happened to my child.u201D

It wasnu2019t just kids with learning disabilities who were losing out, Krieger Senders said. u201CI donu2019t know one parent who was like, u2018Oh, our school is doing an amazing job.u2019u2009u201D

At the same time that standards have plummeted, schools have become political battlegroundsu2014with California introducing its mandatory ethnic studies program, steeped in identity politics; and school districts from Florida to Virginia to New Jersey banning novels by Toni Morrison, among others. 

Rabbi Abe Unger, Emetu2019s head of school, added that most teachers do not really challenge their students, depriving them of the chance to build their self-esteem. Classical education, by contrast, helps counteract the worst aspects of contemporary cultureu2014including widespread unhappiness, shrinking attention spans, and a greatly diminished discourse, Unger said. 

u201CBy saying to our children, u2018You can do anythingu2019u2009u201Du2014like writing a mathematical proof or working through complex philosophical argumentsu2014u201Cwe create citizens of the world that are confident and then actually can confront the issues of the day,u201D he said.

Drew Heiskell, a senior at Atlanta Classical Academy, agrees that the teachers at his school have given him a new confidence. He recalled a political philosophy class he took last year on Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and their contrasting views on the social contract.

u201CUsually, with these discussions, when a question is asked, thereu2019s a little bit of silence, because we have to think through what the question is, and then thereu2019s someone who starts off, almost like taking a leap,u201D Drew told me. 

u201CAnyway, someone in class took the first leap, and it got heated, and then it got really heated. But it never got personal, and everyone respected everyone else thinking through their arguments,u201D he said. 

u201CI think that these discussions kind of prove that there is still the capacity within human beings to be rational and to communicate and to speak to each other with kindness, even in their disagreements,u201D he said. u201CIt just goes to show itu2019s possible.u201D

Julia Steinberg is an intern at The Free Press. Read her last piece, u201CWhy This Berkeley Professor Is Sleeping in His Office,u201D and follow her on X @Juliaonatroika.

And to support more of our work, become a Free Press subscriber today:

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