AT&T’s 96,000 retirees are clearly better off with Athene, an A-rated and well-capitalized money manager that reports to financial regulators, than with AT&T, a BBB-rated telecom company that left its pension underfunded for 11 of the past 12 years.

The question is whether they would have been better off with MetLife than with Athene.

Insurers owned by alternative asset managers invest more of policyholders’ money in things like bundled car loans or aircraft financing payments, and less in safer government bonds. They split from traditional players last year in opposing a rule that would increase capital requirements for those riskier and more complex investments.

They also eat a lot of their owners’ cooking: Dig out Athene’s holdings and you’ll see a lot of loans originated by Apollo. The same is true of American National, which is owned by Brookfield, or Corebridge, which is part-owned by Blackstone.

I’m not saying those are bad investments. But the average private equity-backed insurance company’s portfolio yields 0.62% more than that of a traditional firm, according to AM Best, a ratings firm for insurers. They say they can deliver that extra yield without any additional risk, which is, generally speaking, not how finance works.

Those insurers insist they’re no different than traditional players. “It’s not true that we’re ‘private-equity’ backed,” Wheeler, the Athene executive, said in his testimony. “We look a lot like Prudential, or MassMutual, or MetLife.”

He’s right, in that they’re subject to the same capital standards as MetLife or Prudential, and their portfolios need to pass the same safety checks.

But they’re different animals, with different priorities and DNA. KKR and Brookfield are dealmakers. They are good at finding investments like corporate loans and data centers and wind farms that produce profits down the road. For them, owning insurance policies and pension plans, which need profits down the road, is a way to pay for their deals. They are asset managers that play a little liability on the side.

State insurance regulators are pretty good at their jobs; about 30 insurers have failed this century, compared to 566 banks. “The regulators have the same toolbox, and an incredible amount of transparency … to feel confident about these transactions” involving PE-backed insurers, Mariana Gomez-Vock, of the American Council of Life Insurers, told me.

But mismanagement does sometimes get by them, and when it does, everyone wonders how.